Vertigo is caused by disorders of the inner ear
Vertigo is the sensation of ‘spinning’
Vertigo is defined as an hallucination of movement. It is due to a malfunction of the inner ear. There are many causes, including labyrinthitis, benign paroxsymal positional vertigo (BPPV) and Ménière’s disease.
Patients experience a sensation of either themselves or their surroundings spinning. Depending on the cause, the spinning can last several seconds to days, or sometimes weeks. It can be associated with nausea, vomiting, hearing loss and tinnitus.
If the vertigo is acute and severe, drugs to reduce the nausea and vomiting, for example Prochlorperazine, can be effective.
Labyrinthitis is usually self-limiting and settles within two weeks. Supportive treatment such as bed rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and medication usually suffice.
BPPV responds well to the Epley manoeuvre, which can be performed in the clinic.
Meniere’s disease is a long-term condition that can be treated with medication to control the vertigo and vomiting. It responds well to dietary change, by avoiding salt, caffeine, chocolate and cheese.
